PND stands for various terms. Discover the full forms, meanings, and possible interpretations of PND across different fields and industries.
Pathological nipple discharge, also referred to as abnormal nipple discharge, is the term used to describe the flow of fluid from the nipple that is atypical or worrisome. Unlike normal nipple discharge associated with breastfeeding, pregnancy, or lactation, pathological nipple discharge occurs outside of these contexts. It can affect individuals of any gender, but it is more frequently observed in women. The discharge can vary in characteristics such as color, consistency, and amount, ranging from clear or bloody to milky or greenish. It may occur in one or both breasts and can be spontaneous or stimulated by pressure on the breast or nipple.
MedicalParaneoplastic neurologic disorders (PNDs) are a group of rare neurological conditions that occur as a result of an underlying cancer or tumor in the body. These disorders are characterized by an abnormal immune response triggered by the presence of the tumor, which leads to damage or dysfunction of the nervous system.
PNDs can affect various parts of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscles. The specific symptoms and manifestations depend on the type and location of the PND. Some common paraneoplastic neurologic disorders include limbic encephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, sensory neuropathy, and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders are considered "paraneoplastic" because they are remote effects of cancer and are not directly caused by the physical presence or invasion of the tumor. Instead, they arise from an immune-mediated response to the tumor, leading to damage to the nervous system.
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